Some vocabulary with its pronunciation

Good rememb

tongue twister

Sharing the anecdote

Nice smile

Mannequin Challenge

Rolling in the Deep

messages

Guns N' Roses - Don't Cry

If we could see tomorrow
What of your plans?
No one can live in sorrow
Ask all your friends.

Times that you took in stride
They're back in demand
I was the one who's washing
Blood off your hands

Don't you cry tonight
I still love you baby
Don't you cry tonight
Don't you cry tonight
There's a heaven above you baby
And don't you cry tonight

I know the things you wanted
They're not what you have
With all the people talking
It's driving you mad

If I was standing by you
How would you feel?
Knowing your loves decided
And all love is real

Yeah baby
Don't you cry tonight
Don't you cry tonight
Don't you cry tonight
There's a heaven above you baby
And don't you cry tonight

I thought I could live in your world
As years all went by
With all the voices I've heard
Something has died

And when your in need of someone
My heart won't deny you
So many seem so lonely
With no one left to cry to baby

And don't you cry tonight
And don't you cry tonight
And don't you cry tonight
There's a heaven above you baby
And don't you cry
Don't you ever cry
Don't you cry tonight
Baby, maybe someday

Don't you cry
Don't you ever cry

NASA finds unusual origins of high-energy electrons

High above the surface, Earth's magnetic field constantly deflects incoming supersonic particles from the sun. These particles are disturbed in regions just outside of Earth's magnetic field - and some are reflected into a turbulent region called the foreshock. New observations from NASA's THEMIS mission show that this turbulent region can accelerate electrons up to speeds approaching the speed of light. Such extremely fast particles have been observed in near-Earth space and many other places in the universe, but the mechanisms that accelerate them have not yet been concretely understood.

The new results provide the first steps towards an answer, while opening up more questions. The research finds electrons can be accelerated to extremely high speeds in a region farther from Earth than previously thought possible - leading to new inquiries about what causes the acceleration. These findings may change the accepted theories on how electrons can be accelerated not only in shocks near Earth, but also throughout the universe. Having a better understanding of how particles are energized will help scientists and engineers better equip spacecraft and astronauts to deal with these particles, which can cause equipment to malfunction and affect space travelers.

"This affects pretty much every field that deals with high-energy particles, from studies of cosmic rays to solar flares and coronal mass ejections, which have the potential to damage satellites and affect astronauts on expeditions to Mars," said Lynn Wilson, lead author of the paper on these results at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

The results, published in Physical Review Letters on Nov. 14, 2016, describe how such particles may get accelerated in specific regions just beyond Earth's magnetic field. Typically, a particle streaming toward Earth first encounters a boundary region known as the bow shock, which forms a protective barrier between the sun and Earth. The magnetic field in the bow shock slows the particles, causing most to be deflected away from Earth, though some are reflected back towards the sun. These reflected particles form a region of electrons and ions called the foreshock region.

Some of those particles in the foreshock region are highly energetic, fast moving electrons and ions. Historically, scientists have thought one way these particles get to such high energies is by bouncing back and forth across the bow shock, gaining a little extra energy from each collision. However, the new observations suggest the particles can also gain energy through electromagnetic activity in the foreshock region itself.

The observations that led to this discovery were taken from one of the THEMIS - short for Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms - mission satellites. The five THEMIS satellites circled Earth to study how the planet's magnetosphere captured and released solar wind energy, in order to understand what initiates the geomagnetic substorms that cause aurora. The THEMIS orbits took the spacecraft across the foreshock boundary regions. The primary THEMIS mission concluded successfully in 2010 and now two of the satellites collect data in orbit around the moon.

Operating between the sun and Earth, the spacecraft found electrons accelerated to extremely high energies. The accelerated observations lasted less than a minute, but were much higher than the average energy of particles in the region, and much higher than can be explained by collisions alone. Simultaneous observations from the Wind and STEREO spacecraft showed no solar radio bursts or interplanetary shocks, so the high-energy electrons did not originate from solar activity.

"This is a puzzling case because we're seeing energetic electrons where we don't think they should be, and no model fits them," said David Sibeck, co-author and THEMIS project scientist at NASA Goddard. "There is a gap in our knowledge, something basic is missing."

The electrons also could not have originated from the bow shock, as had been previously thought. If the electrons were accelerated in the bow shock, they would have a preferred movement direction and location - in line with the magnetic field and moving away from the bow shock in a small, specific region. However, the observed electrons were moving in all directions, not just along magnetic field lines. Additionally, the bow shock can only produce energies at roughly one tenth of the observed electrons' energies. Instead, the cause of the electrons' acceleration was found to be within the foreshock region itself.

"It seems to suggest that incredibly small scale things are doing this because the large scale stuff can't explain it," Wilson said.

High-energy particles have been observed in the foreshock region for more than 50 years, but until now, no one had seen the high-energy electrons originate from within the foreshock region. This is partially due to the short timescale on which the electrons are accelerated, as previous observations had averaged over several minutes, which may have hidden any event. THEMIS gathers observations much more quickly, making it uniquely able to see the particles.

Next, the researchers intend to gather more observations from THEMIS to determine the specific mechanism behind the electrons' acceleration.

It's very intresting

This song has a very easy lyric and It's pretty beautiful

English proverbs and sayings

a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush --> más vale pájaro en mano que ciento volando
beauty is in the eye of the beholder love is blind --> el sapo a la sapa tiénela por guapa
better late than never --> más vale tarde que nunca
better safe than sorry --> más vale prevenir que curar
if you buy cheaply, you pay dearly --> lo barato sale caro
if you keep your mouth shut, you won’t put your foot in it --> en boca cerrada no entran moscas
if you want a thing done well, do it yourself? --> si quieres ser bien servido, sírvate a ti mismo
it’s no use crying over spilt milk --> a lo hecho pecho
necessity is the mother of invention --> la necesidad hace maestros

http://lingolex.com/refranero.php

Record Supermoon and 9 More Can't-Miss Sky Events in November

A supermoon hangs near the horizon in the night sky. The supermoon that will rise on November 14 will be the biggest seen since 1948.

Moon and Saturn—November 2

About an hour after local sunset, catch the razor-thin crescent moon hanging over Saturn. The cosmic pair will appear less than three degrees apart, or less than the width of your three middle fingers held at arm’s length. Adding to the sky spectacle, superbright Venus will join the pair to the left.

Moon and Mars—November 5

After sunset this day and the next, look for the crescent moon to park itself next to the red planet. Earth’s lone natural satellite will start off to the right of Mars, and it will rise above the planet the following day.

Taurid Meteor Shower—November 11

Late night and the following morning, the Taurid meteor shower will peak. The individual meteors appear to radiate from the shower's namesake constellation, Taurus, the bull, which will be riding high in the south during the overnight hours for mid-northern latitude regions. Sky-watchers away from city lights may see as many as 10 to 15 shooting stars an hour, peaking at around 5 a.m. local time on November 11.

Super-Duper Moon—November 14

The second in a triad of supermoons—when the full moon makes a close approach to Earth—will rise in the east after sunset. While the last three months of 2016 each boast a supermoon, this month’s full moon will be the largest and closest to Earth since 1948, making it a truly beautiful sight to behold. Stay tuned for a full viewer’s guide, and get ready to submit your best supermoon pictures to National Geographic Your Shot.

Bull’s-Eye—November 15

Late night on November 15 and 16, look for the moon to be stationed near the eye of the constellation Taurus, the bull. That eye is really the red giant star Aldebaran, which sits 67 light-years from Earth. Meanwhile, lucky sky-watchers in the Middle East and across central Asia to Japan will be in the best positions to see the moon occult, or eclipse, Aldebaran during the night of the 15th.

Leonid Meteor Shower—November 16

Look up late at night and into the early morning hours of the 17th for a flurry of shooting stars during the peak of the annual Leonid meteor shower. With the waning gibbous moon ducking under the local horizon after local midnight, the best views will be in the early morning hours of the 16th, with as many as 10 to 20 shooting stars an hour visible from the dark countryside. Individual meteors will appear to originate from the shower’s namesake constellation, Leo, which rises in the east in the predawn hours this time of the year.

Buzzing the Beehive—November 18

Look east late at night for the waning gibbous moon to make a close pass of the famous Beehive open star cluster, also known as Messier 44. Using binoculars, you can scan the sky to the upper right of the moon for the thousand-star strong cluster, located 610 light-years from Earth. The next night, the moon will slip underneath the Beehive.

Lion’s Heart—November 21

Look toward the southeastern sky in the early morning hours for the crescent moon snuggling up next to the constellation Leo’s heart: the bright star Regulus. The cosmic pair will be quite stunning to the unaided eyes, with the two objects separated by just over a degree, equal to the width of your thumb held at arm’s length.

Mercury Meets Saturn—November 23

As a great observing challenge, use binoculars to try and spot faint, star-like Saturn next to Mercury. Both planets will be tricky to find in the glare of the sunset and will need a viewing location that has an absolutely clear line of sight to the southwest horizon.

Moon and Jupiter—November 25

About an hour before local sunrise, look southeast for the thin crescent moon hanging below the king of all planets, Jupiter. The pair will be particularly striking, since they will appear less than two degrees apart, equal to the span of just four lunar disks in the sky.

Clear skies!

Astronomy’s next big space telescope could threaten the field, panel warns

U.S. astronomers are wary that their next big space telescope, a mission to study cosmic acceleration and exoplanets, could balloon in cost and scope just like the budget-busting $8 billion James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). So says a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine panel tasked with taking the temperature of the field midway between “decadal surveys”—the regular reports in which astronomers list their funding priorities for the next 10 years. Given the recent success in detecting gravitational waves, the panel also says the United States should rejoin a partnership with the European Space Agency (ESA) to build the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), a mission to study gravitational waves in space.

“The community very much wants to see LISA go forward,” says panel chair Jacqueline Hewitt, an astronomer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. “The partnership [with ESA] dissolved, but it will have to be rebuilt,” she says.

Overall, the panel was pleased with progress made on a variety of scientific fronts, particularly in the study of exoplanets and gravitational waves. But they worried that stagnant budgets at the field’s main funding agencies—the National Science Foundation (NSF) and NASA—along with pressure from overspending on large projects like the JWST are threatening many of astronomers’ most sought-after projects. “Budgets have been different from what we assumed” in 2010, she adds.

The 14-member panel reviewed progress in the priorities set by the 2010 decadal survey known as New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics as well as recent scientific successes. It highlights the first detection of gravitational waves by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, and notes the advances made in the study of exoplanets, much of it made possible by NASA’s Kepler spacecraft, which revealed the ubiquity and rich diversity of planetary systems. “No one expected the exoplanet field to burgeon in the way it has,” Hewitt says.

There have also been notable successes in new facilities. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, built in collaboration with Europe and Japan in northern Chile, is nearing completion and has already notched up some significant observations. Others, including the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope, the JWST, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, are on track to come into operation over the next few years.

Some of the highest priorities identified in the 2010 survey, however, have been delayed, reduced in scope, or canceled altogether, the panel notes. This is partly because of flat budgets that were not forecast when the 2010 decadal report was drawn up. The astronomy budget at NSF has been steady in real-year dollars which, with its commitments to large new facilities, has meant that funding for medium-scale projects and individual investigators has been squeezed. At NASA’s astrophysics division, budgets have kept pace with inflation, but the increasing costs of the JWST have delayed the funding of new projects by up to 5 years and reduced the number of midsized Explorer missions being commissioned.

Hewitt says that the community is concerned about large projects squeezing out smaller ones and that both NSF and NASA need balance in their programs. “It doesn’t make sense to invest in amazing facilities and not to have the money to do science,” she says. The report suggests that NSF should divest from older facilities with “lower scientific impact” to free up funding for individual astronomers. NSF has conducted reviews of its ground-based facilities in 2006 and 2012, and has recommended closures to observatories such as the Arecibo radio telescope, but astronomers have resisted some of those moves.

The suggested projects that have suffered because of tighter budgets include two of the largest planned telescopes on the books, the Giant Magellan Telescope and the Thirty Meter Telescope. The 2010 survey suggested NSF should support one of them but the agency has been unable to do so. (They are both progressing with private and international backers, but neither is fully funded.) A millimeter-wave survey telescope known as the Cerro Chajnantor Atacama Telescope was not funded by NSF. NASA pulled out of collaborations with ESA to build LISA and the International X-ray Observatory. ESA is proceeding with scaled-down versions of both projects (dubbed the Evolved LISA and Athena).

The 2010 survey’s top-ranked space project for the decade was the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST), which was first developed to measure cosmic acceleration, but over time became more of a multipurpose telescope that would also study the demographics of exoplanets, and survey the galactic plane of the Milky Way. WFIRST did get the go-ahead this year (3 years later than expected) for launch in 2025 (5 years late)—delays that were due to the JWST’s budget problems.

Although the panel welcomed this advance, it urged caution from NASA in case the mission goes the same way as its predecessor—the JWST—with cost and schedule ballooning out of control and threatening other projects. Since winning the endorsement of the 2010 survey, WFIRST has acquired a new, larger mirror; larger detectors; and a coronagraph (a device to block out the light of a star so its planets can be seen directly)—add-ons that will probably add to its more than $2 billion cost. “NASA needs to manage it very carefully,” Hewitt says. “Tremendous advances are being made in exoplanets, but some other areas may suffer” if costs get out of control, she says.

In addition to its call to rejoin the LISA project, the panel also advocates NASA taking a role in ESA’s x-ray mission Athena and calls on the agency to beef up its midsized Explorer program. “I hope we can make those happen,” Hewitt says.

The guy who likes her

jejeje

 

NASA’s NavCube Could Support an X-ray Communications Demonstration in Space — A NASA First

Two proven technologies have been combined to create a promising new technology that could meet future navigational challenges in deep space. It also may help demonstrate — for the first time — X-ray communications in space, a capability that would allow the transmission of gigabits per second throughout the solar system.

The new technology, called NavCube, combines NASA’s SpaceCube, a reconfigurable and fast flight computing platform, with the Navigator Global Positioning System (GPS) flight receiver. Navigator GPS uses the GPS signal to enable on-board autonomous positioning, navigation, and timing even in weak-signal areas. Considered one of the enabling technologies on the agency’s flagship Magnetospheric Multi-Scale (MMS) mission, Navigator GPS recently was included in the Guiness World Records for the highest-altitude GPS fix.

“NavCube is more flexible than previous Navigators because of its ample computational resources. Also, because we added the ability to process modernized GPS signals, NavCube has the potential to significantly enhance performance at low, and especially, high altitudes, potentially even to the area of space near the moon and lunar orbits,” said Luke Winternitz, Navigator’s chief architect.

“This new product is a poster child for our research and development efforts,” added Peter Hughes, the chief technology officer at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, whose organization funded the development of all three technologies and named the NavCube team as this year’s winner of his organization’s “Innovators of the Year” award. “Both SpaceCube and Navigator already proved their value to NASA. Now the combination of the two gives NASA another tool. Also, the possibility that it might help demonstrate X-ray communications in space — a technology in which we also have interest — is particularly exciting.”

This promising technology is slated to fly as one of several experiments on an external pallet to be deployed on the International Space Station in 2018. One NavCube unit will demonstrate its navigation and processing capabilities afforded by the merger of its technological parents, while the other could potentially provide precise timing data for an experiment demonstrating X-ray communications, or XCOM.

“A Match Made in Heaven”

Goddard’s Steve Kenyon is the mechanical and packaging “wizard” for the MXS and XCOM hardware. The equipment shown are various incarnations of the hardware needed to demonstrate X-ray communications in space.

Credits: NASA/W.Hrybyk

As part of the potential XCOM demonstration, NavCube will drive the electronics for a device called the Modulated X-ray Source, or MXS, which generates rapid-fire X-ray pulses, turning on and off many times per second. These rapid-fire pulsations can be used to encode digital bits for transmitting data. It was developed as a testbed to validate NASA’s Neutron-star Interior Composition Explorer, or NICER, which primarily will study neutron stars and their rapidly spinning next-of-kin, pulsars, when it launches as an attached space station payload in 2017.

XCOM is one of two technology demonstrations that NICER Principal Investigators Keith Gendreau and Zaven Arzoumanian want to demonstrate with NICER. To demonstrate one-way XCOM, the team will install MXS on the experiment pallet where it will transmit data via X-rays to NICER’s receivers positioned 166 feet away on the opposite side of the space station truss.

NavCube’s job is to run MXS’s on-and-off switch, said Jason Mitchell, an engineer at Goddard who helped advance the MXS. Because NavCube combines SpaceCube’s high-speed computing with Navigator’s ability to track GPS signals, the team also wants to experiment with X-ray ranging, a technique for measuring distances between two objects.

 “NavCube provided the best solution for running this experiment,” Mitchell said. “The combination of these powerful technologies was a marriage made in heaven.”

Although most of the technology is ready, the team still is seeking additional funding to complete a space-ready MXS, including its housing and high-voltage power supply. “We have most of the hardware, but need a little more support to complete the XCOM package,” said Jenny Donaldson, who is leading the development of the NavCube payload. “This is a great opportunity to demonstrate NavCube and, if all things go as planned, X-ray communications,” she said.